The Bedrock of Bharat: Unpacking the Indian Constitution

(Mind Map illustrating key aspects)

Historical Underpinnings

Seeds of self-governance from colonial era:

• Regulating Act of 1773
• Pitt's India Act of 1784
• Govt of India Acts (1858, 1919, 1935 - blueprint)
• The Nationalist Movement

Evolution: Drafting to Adoption

Culmination in the Constituent Assembly (1946):

• Objectives Resolution (1946)
• Various Committees (Dr. B.R. Ambedkar - Drafting)
• Extensive Debates
• Adoption (Nov 26, 1949), Enforcement (Jan 26, 1950)

Key Features

• Written & Lengthiest Constitution
• Parliamentary Govt
• Federal (Unitary Bias)
• Fundamental Rights
• Directive Principles (DPSP)
• Fundamental Duties
• Secularism
• Independent Judiciary
• Universal Adult Suffrage
• Single Citizenship

Significant Provisions

• Article 1: Name & Territory
• Article 14: Equality Before Law
• Article 19: Freedom of Speech
• Article 21: Life & Liberty
• Article 32: Constitutional Remedies
• The Preamble

The Basic Structure Doctrine

Parliament cannot alter fundamental features (e.g., Kesavananda Bharati case, 1973).

• Supremacy of Constitution
• Sovereign, Democratic, Republic
• Secular Character
• Separation of Powers
• Federal Character
• Rule of Law
• Judicial Review
• Unity & Integrity
• Dignity & Liberty

Conclusion

Dynamic document, bedrock of the Indian Republic. Understanding it is crucial for citizens.